Khuyến cáo của Liên Đoàn các nhà sản xuất vật liệu mài châu Âu FEPA về an toàn trong sử dụng vải ráp, giấy ráp và các vật liệu mài tương tự
The recommendations of this document are only a summary of the most important precautions. All users must strictly follow the safety instructions existing in the laws, decrees and technical standards of their country and in machine instructions.
A – GENERAL SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Transport and storage
All coated abrasives should be handled carefully. Mechanical damage can be caused by mishandling, which should be avoided.
Coated abrasives should be stored in dry, frost free conditions. They should be kept away from heat sources, cold, damp walls, doors or windows and should not be in direct contact with the floor.
Temperatures and humdity should be between 18-22 °C and 45%-65% Relative Humidity.
Coated abrasives should not be exposed to direct sunlight.Products should be kept in their original packaging until immediately before use. Once unpacked, they should be stored in a way which avoids distortion.
2. Personal protection:
Safety goggles, ear muffs, safety gloves, dust masks and, if grinding conditions are severe, additional face protection, leather aprons and safety shoes must be worn.
3. General precautions
Safety instructions provided by the machine manufactures must be followed. Where fitted all guards, covers and hoods must be in place on the machine during grinding, and should not be modified in any way.Coated abrasives should not be used near inflammable material or in an environment where there is a risk of explosion. Sparks should be directed away from the face and body and if possible towards the floor. Dust extraction equipment must be used whenever it is available. The instructions for use given by the abrasive manufacturer must be followed: eg. “Not to be used without a support”, or “Not to be used for wet grinding”.The workpiece must be firmly fixed before grinding starts. Check all abrasives visually before use and make certain that the product is suitable for the application. No modifications should be made to abrasive products after delivery. When using a portable grinder always switch it off and allow the spindle to stop completely before putting the tool down. Wet grinding should only be carried out on machines designed for this purpose and with abrasives designated as suitable for this type of operation.
B – SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS ACCORDING TO PRODUCT TYPE
1. Vulcanised fibre discs
1.1 Preparation before use
Fibre discs must be used with a back-up pad of the correct size. Do not use other fibre discs as a back-up pad. The diameter of the disc must be at least 3 mm but not more than 15 mm greater than the diameter of the back-up pad. Do not use a fibre disc which is damaged in any way. Always check visually for damage before use. Make certain that both the disc and the back-up pad are fitted correctly to the machine spindle. The maximum peripheral operating speed of a fibre disc is 80 m/s. The maximum operating speed in rpm appears on the packaging. In no circumstances should the speeds be exceeded. The spindle speed of the machine must never exceed the maximum operating speed of the disc.
Spindle speeds in rpm corresponding to 80 m/s for different disc diameters are given below following the formula n=60,000*v/pi/d.:
Personal protection: Safety goggles, ear muffs, safety gloves, dust masks and, if grinding conditions are severe, additional face protection, leather aprons and safety shoes must be worn
1.2 Grinding operation
The fibre disc should only be brought into contact with the workpiece when the machine is running at its operational speed. The disc should be applied to the workpiece at the shallowest angle possible – about 10 degrees is recommended. Grind ‘off’ an edge rather than ‘into’ it when grinding rough welds or metal edges. Do not attempt to use a fibre disc for slot grinding, cutting-off or wet grinding. After use the angle grinder should be stored with care. The face of the disc must not be in contact with bench or floor..
1.3 Storage
Vulcanised fibre discs should be stored at a temperature of 18-22 °C and 45%-60% Relative Humidity.
Further general safety recommendations for the transportation and storage should be observed (see chapter 1).
2. Flap discs
2.1 Preparation before use
NDamaged, misshapen or modified flap discs and support pads, if needed, should not be used. Always use a support pad if specified by the manufacturer. Always ensure that the flap disc and the support pad are safely and centrally fixed to the machine spindle. Do not use a flap disc with an oversize or undersize bore. The maximum peripheral operation speed and the maximum rpm of a flap disc should not be exceeded. The spindle speed of the machine in rpm must be equal to or less than the maximum operating speed shown on the flap disc. Personal protection
Safety goggles, ear muffs, safety gloves, dust masks and, if grinding conditions are severe, additional face protection, leather aprons and safety shoes must be worn
2.2 Grinding
The flap disc should only be brought into contact with the work, when the machine is running at its operational speed. Apply the flap disc to the work at the shallowest angle possible. About 10 degrees is recommended. Grind ‘off’ an edge rather than ‘into’ it when grinding rough-welds or metal edges. Do not attempt to use a flap disc for slot grinding, cutting-off or wet grinding. After use the angle grinder should be stored with care. The face of the flap disc must not be in contact with bench or floor.
2.3 Storage
Flap discs should be stored in accordance with the recommendations given for general storage in chapter 1.
3. Flange mounted flapwheels of coated abrasives and nonwoven material
3.1 Preparation before use
Flanged flapwheels of either coated or non-woven abrasives must be only used on machines specifically manufactured for this purpose. Always use the mounting flanges supplied by the wheel manufacturer. Ensure that the wheels are mounted strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Ensure that the wheel is centrally and securely mounted on the machine and that the wheel runs in the direction of the directional arrow marked on it. Check that the maximum operating speed of the wheel given in RPM is higher than or equal to the spindle speed of the machine. Never exceed the maximum operating speed recomrnended by the manufacturer. Personal protection
Safety goggles, ear muffs, safety gloves, dust masks and, if grinding conditions are severe, additional face protection, leather aprons and safety shoes must be worn
3.2 Grinding
When using non-woven flapwheels dust extraction equipment should always be used. If the wheel has been used for grinding wet, run the machine up to speed progressively. Only bring the flapwheel into contact with the work when the spindle is “up to speed”. When finishing a wet grinding operation turn off the coolant feed and allow the flapwheel to run until no further coolant is ejected
3.3 Storage
Flapwheels should be stored in accordance with the recommendations given in chapter 1 and be stored flat or hung by their spindles to avoid permanent deformation.
4. Belts
4.1 Preparation before use
Check belts before use for tears and holes. This is particularly important for belts which have been partly used or left on a machine for any length of time, eg overnight. On removal from their packaging belts should be preconditioned by hanging them over a rod or peg of not less than 50 mm diameter at the temperature and humidity levels given on page 2. They must not be hung from a nail as this may cause cracking and failure. Run lap jointed belts in the direction indicated by the arrow. Do not use belts which have been modified in any way after delivery. Keep contact wheels, platens, idler pulleys, etc in good condition. Never run belts on damaged or faulty support devices. Only carry out wet grinding operations with belts specifically designated as suitable for this. Belts wider than 50 mm should only be mounted on machines guarded in such a way that only the working area of the belt is visible. Always release the belt tensioning device when installing the belt. Never leave belts under tension on a stationary machine. Personal protection
Dust masks should be worn together with protection for the eyes and ears. Additional protection such as safety gloves, safety shoes, and leather aprons is also recommended
4.2 Grinding
Start grinding only when the belt is correctly tensioned and the machine is ‘up to speed’. Avoid grinding with the edge of the belt wherever possible on off hand applications.Use the center of the belt if possible.’Slack of the belt’ grinding must only be carried out on machines designed for this purpose and which incorporate adequate guarding.Ensure that the belt is adequately guarded when starting up, adjusting and running. Do not attempt to stop the belt when it is in contact with the work.When finishing a wet grinding operation turn off the supply of coolant and allow the belt to run until all the coolant has been ejected before stopping it.No attempt should be made to remove a belt from a machine when it is running.Do not leave the belt under tension when grinding is finished
4.3 Storage
Belts should be stored in accordance with the recommendations given in chapter 1.
5 Paper, cloth, and combination discs for orbital and dual action sanders
5.1 Preparation for use
Discs and sheets must only be used on machines equipped with a suitable support pad. In the case of discs the maximum operating speed indicated on the back-up pad must not be exceeded. Discs and sheets should be used only on machines with a suitable support pad. Damaged or misshapen discs or support pads should not be used. Discs and pads must not be modified in any way. Take care to fix the disc securely and centrally to the back-up pad. The diameter of the disc must be greater, but not more than 4 mm, than the diameter of the back-up pad, that is to say a maximum overhang of 2mm. When using self adhesive or ‘Velcro’ backed discs or sheets ensure that the face of the back-up pad and the back of the disc are clean and dry. Personal Protection Dust masks should be worn together with protection for the eyes and ears.
5.2 Grinding
Only start to grind when the machine is ‘up to speed’, except on pneumatic random orbital machines which must be started with light pressure on the disc. The machine should be operated with the disc making the smallest possible angle to the workpiece. Use only light pressure at first when grinding with ‘Velcro’ or self-adhesive backed discs or sheets. Do not allow overheating of the disc or sheet to occur. Grind ‘off’ an edge rather than ‘into’ it when grinding rough welds or edges. Do not attempt to use discs for slot grinding or cutting off. Only carry out wet grinding operations with machines and discs or sheets specifically designated as suitable for this. After use the machine should be stored carefully. The face of the abrasive should not be in contact with the floor or work bench.
5.3 Storage
Discs and sheets should be stored in accordance with the recommendations given in chapter 1.
6. Spirally wound bands and sleeves
6.1 Preparation for use
Ensure that the band/sleeve diameter matches that of the support wheel or mandrel, and that the support wheels and mandrels are in good condition, free of damage. Ensure that the bands and sleeves have not been modified in any way. Ensure that the bands and sleeves are fitted centrally and securely to the machine. Do not run bands and sleeves at a peripheral speed higher than that recommended by the manufacturer.
Personal protection: Safety goggles, ear muffs, safety gloves, dust masks and, if grinding conditions are severe, additional face protection, leather aprons and safety shoes must be worn.
6.2 Grinding
Do not start grinding until the machine is ‘up to speed’. When grinding sharp edges and outlines, grind ‘off’ the edge rather than ‘into’ it.To prevent the band or sleeve becoming loose on the mandrel do not use excessive pressure when grinding.6.3 Storage
Spirally wound bands and sleeves should be stored in acccordance with the recommendations given in chapter 1.
7 Spindle mounted products
7.1 Preparation for use
Ensure that the spindle is correctly centred in the chuck or collet, is fixed securely, and that the wheel rotates in the direction indicated. Do not allow the mounted wheel to run at a speed higher than that recommended by the manufacturer. The spindle speed in rpm must never exceed that specified for the wheel.
Personal protection: Safety goggles, ear muffs, safety gloves, dust masks and, if grinding conditions are severe, additional face protection, leather aprons and safety shoes must be worn.
7.2 Grinding
Do not put the mounted wheel in contact with the work until the wheel is ‘up to speed’. Grind ‘off’ an edge rather than ‘into’ it when grinding rough welds or edges. To prevent the spindle becoming loose in the chuck or collet do not use excessive pressure when grinding.
7.3 Storage
Spindle mounted products should be stored in accordance with the recommendations given in chapter 1.